Air pollution is a major environmental issue affecting respiratory health globally. Reducing air pollution related disease resulting from exposures while. Air pollution is the biggest environmental cause of death worldwide, with. The global burden of disease report 9 identified in 2012 that air pollution.
When the social welfare impacts of illness and mortality related to air pollution are considered, the benefits of reducing air pollution are substantial. Integrating air pollution with current unicef activities. Assessment of the impacts of air pollution on population health and the evaluation of trends relative to other major risk factors requires regularly updated, accurate, spatially resolved exposure estimates. Diseases caused by air pollution can be mostly related to organs of the body exposed to air like lungs, skin, eyes and also the brain due to high dependency for oxygen supply. Children living near diesel trucking routes are more likely to have decreased lung function, bronchitis and allergies.
Conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd can be caused or triggered by rising levels of air pollution. Diseases caused by pollution lead to the chronic illness and deaths of about 8. Diseases caused by air pollution greentumble air pollution july 20, 2018 take a breathersomething we do or suggest to others they do a few times a day to catch our breath after some exercise or to just take a break after some particularly stressful or hard activity. Pdf air pollution and its effects in the respiratory system. Respiratory risks from household air pollution in low and middle. This post shall be focusing on 10 of such diseases caused by the air pollution and what pollutants. Air pollution injury on plants has been carefully documented in recent years. In children, air pollution is linked to asthma and bronchitis, increases in school absences and er visits. Heart disease, stroke, and outdoor air pollution, epa456. Asthma and outdoor air pollution epa pdf icon pdf 499 kb external icon. Air pollution identified as factor in onset of diabetes, one of the worlds fastest.
In particular, the new data reveal a stronger link between both indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure and cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes and. In this industrial age, air pollution cannot be eliminated completely. Among the complex mixture of air pollutants, particulate matter is of prime public health concern. Thus, while exposure to high amounts of radiation almost always generate serious diseases cancer is the most common radiationinduced disease or immediate death, serious lifethreatening diseases may develop even from exposure to. Here are some of the common diseases caused by indoor air pollution.
Air pollution diseases, causes and effects of air pollution. Urban and rural outdoor environments contain infections, allergens, irritants and chemical toxins that can reduce the quality of life and cause disease. Air pollution identified as factor in onset of diabetes. Exposure to ambient air pollution is a major risk factor for global disease. Nonlinear increase of respiratory diseases and their. The diseases caused by air pollution include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, heart disease and emphysema. Air pollution is also related to asthma, a condition in which the airways swell, narrow and produce extra mucus, making it difficult to breathe. Many western countries had done exclusive studies on air quality and related diseases, which revealed the seriousness of the problem worldwide. Worldwide, almost one third of the cardiovascular disease burden is attributable to indoor and outdoor air pollution 17% and % respectively, secondhand tobacco smoke 3% and exposure to lead 2%. Exposure to polluted air not only worsens asthma and increases asthmarelated hospitalization rates, but also plays a role in the development of this respiratory condition. These include stroke and heart disease, respiratory illness and cancers. Combine curriculum with portable air filters for classrooms to allow. The health condition asthma can also be caused by air pollution.
However, pollution receives a fraction of the interest from the global community. Previous studies have linked high levels of the fine particulate matter known as pm 2. The promotion of medical literacy in this sense is crucial. An estimated 280 deaths result from those diseases, with approximately 88% of those deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease caused by environmental tobacco smoke. Find out how you can protect yourself if youre living with asthma. Air pollution is undoubtedly the most problematic type of pollution, as it may involve serious longterm health effects. Air pollution is the cause and aggravating factor of many respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd 11,12, asthma 12, and lung cancer 14,15. The air pollution and respiratory health branch of the national center for environmental health directs the centers for disease control and preventions fight against respiratory illness associated with air pollution. Krishnan nair a study on the air pollution related human.
World health organization confirms air pollution is worlds single largest preventable health risk. As earlier research has found in relation to epilepsy, parkinsons, and other diseases, people in this study with the mitochondrial dna haplogroup u enjoyed greater protection from traffic pollutionrelated cardiovascular disease, because of their lower mitochondrial production of ros. Epidemiological studies found that longterm or chronic exposure to pollution particulate matter is associated with respiratory diseases, such as. Burden of disease attributable to major air pollutionsources in india. Air pollution is a mixture of natural and manmade substances in the air we breathe. Nonlinear increase of respiratory diseases under severe air pollution. Add a new potential ill to the list of problems linked to air pollution. In terms of global disease burden, air pollution is the cause of over onethird of deaths from stroke, lung cancer, and chronic respiratory disease, and onequarter of deaths from ischaemic heart disease. Air pollution is a much bigger cause of death from heart disease and stroke than has previously been recognized, according to findings from one of. Also the largest overall contributors to the 2015 burden of disease in india, and the rural population. Air pollution as a significant cause of diseases and. This is a chronic disease in which inflammation is caused in the air passages of the human body and the person finds it difficult to breathe.
Ambient air pollution exposure estimation for the global. Air pollution respiratory and lung diseases including o asthma attacks o chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd o reduced lung function o pulmonary cancer caused by a series of carcinogen chemicals that through inhalation o mesothelioma a particular type of lung cancer, usually associated with exposure to asbestos it usually. The study authors conclude that there is a need for global action to reduce air pollution for prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The impact of air pollution on health, economy, environment and agricultural sources. Epidemiology studies have provided powerful evidence linking air pollution to cardiovascular disease, especially heart attacks mi and stroke. This distance learning portal contains uptodate study material for the stateoftheart in pulmonology. Some of the most common diseases that are caused by air pollution include asthma and cardiovascular disease. Diseases in thiruvananthapuram city, kerala in martin j. The burden of disease from air pollution air quality impacts on health.
Air pollution diseases environmental pollution centers. As air pollution is a global hazard, one should be very concerned about its quality. Exposure to trafficrelated air pollution is linked to a range of adverse health outcomes. However, pollution receives a fraction of the interest. You can choose the water you drink, but you cant do. Clinical handbook of air pollution related diseases. The effects of air pollution, in fact, are still largely unknown. Hailed as one of the most dangerous diseases caused by air pollution, lung cancer if not treated well can lead to death. Maternal tobacco smoking was associated with earlier acquisition of. Air pollution, both indoor and outdoor, is a significant cause of health problems worldwide. Nonclimate health effects of climatealtering pollutants. Pollutants can be classified as primary or secondary. Many common infections can spread by airborne transmission are.
Study shows that environmental exposures such as air pollution are more determinant of respiratory health than inherited genetics. The rapidly growing death toll attributed to air pollution. Sources of air pollution linked to human activity are. We have characterized existing surveillance of diseases related to air pollution in imperial county and the municipality of mexicali, including data reporting requirements, data availability and format, and the possibility for binational compatibility. In contrast to other allergic diseases, many cohort studies report no association between air pollutants and the incidence or prevalence of eczema 51, 53, 68. Particle pollution levels can be high any time of year.
Trafficrelated air pollution 2009, 2015 workshops no 2. Policy brief for gsdr 2016 update the rapidly growing. The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the bodys respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. A global responsibility pedro piqueras1,2, ashley vizenor1,2 1university of california, riverside, department of chemical and environmental engineering. Our analyses suggest that indoor air pollution is a considerable risk to public health in the united arab emirates uae, accounting for at least 77,000 excess visits to health. Substantial epidemiological evidence links air pollution with diverse health outcomes, with extensive research conducted to advance understanding of the underlying mechanistic pathways. Pdf causes, consequences and control of air pollution. The erseducation website provides centralised access to all educational material produced by the european respiratory society. The list of diseases linked to air pollution is growing. The uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lungs can cause permanent damage to the lungs if not treated on time. When there is smoke in the air from wood stoves, fireplaces, burning vegetation, or forest fires. The global burden of disease gbd 20 provided important. Asthma may not be directly caused by air pollution, asthma attacks can be triggered by high levels of air pollution. Burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution 39.
The main ncds associated with air pollution include ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. Burden of disease from indoor air pollution springerlink. Air pollution identified as factor in onset of diabetes, one of the worlds fastest growing diseases. Interactions between air pollutants and plant diseases caused by biotic agents stands of vegetation, whether. Cdc healthy places respiratory health and air pollution. Mortality from both ambient and household air pollution for 2016 pdf, 180kb. Health effects of ambient air pollution in developing countries mdpi. Near busy roads, in urban areas especially during rush hour, and in industrial areas. This is one of the most common diseases that can affect the humans breathing in the polluted air. The effects of radiation pollution vary depending on the type and amount of radiation to which we are exposed and on the sensitivity of each exposed individual. Air pollution is a mixture of manmade and natural substances that bind with the clean air in. Air pollution is a mixture of particlesparticulate matter pmand gases released into the atmosphere mainly by industries, motor vehicles, and thermoelectric power plants, as well as from biomass and fossil fuel burning.
Key points motor vehicles are a major source of air pollution in sydney and other urban centres. Air pollution can make it harder for people with asthma and other respiratory breathing diseases to breathe. Air pollution as a significant cause of diseases and premature death. A study conducted in china revealed that exposure to fine particulate air pollution is more strongly linked to deaths among people with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd, than in the overall population. World health organization confirms air pollution is world. They are further differentiated as shortterm and longterm disease conditions.
In some areas, injury on certain species has been serious and has represented a limiting production factor. Radiation diseases environmental pollution centers. Air pollution is the leading environmental health risk humans now face. Whoeurope noncommunicable diseases and air pollution 2019. The progression of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries over time observed in this study helps us understand how longterm exposure to air pollution contributes to heart attacks and deaths. Nationwide study of women reveals that those with diabetes are most susceptible to the adverse cardiovascular risks posed by exposure to air pollution. It is the worlds largest cme collection for lung diseases and treatment offering high quality elearning and teaching resources for respiratory specialists. More than half of the global burden of disease from air pollution is borne. It creates smog and acid rain, causes cancer and respiratory diseases, reduces the ozone layer atmosphere and contributes to global warming. Boston, ma air pollution is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and some people.
Air pollution is a significant risk factor for a number of pollutionrelated diseases, including respiratory infections, heart disease, copd, stroke and lung cancer. Exposure to combustiongenerated fine particulate matter has been stated as the prime reason behind people. Researchers say these results suggest that a large air pollution study by the american cancer society that included more than a million people in. Struggle against air pollution seems to be a longtime task for both developed countries and developing countries 1618, especially china 17,1921. Toronto march 6, 2018 researchers have found strong evidence that environmental exposures, including air pollution, affect gene expressions associated with respiratory diseases much more than genetic ancestry. Ambient air pollution exposure estimation for the global burden of. Poverty, disease, and the use of solid fuel are inextricably linked. Increased risks of food and waterborne diseases very high confidence and vectorborne diseases medium confidence 11.
This type of damage is more noticeable, but probably not as great as the sublethal. The relevant pathogens may be viruses, bacteria, or fungi. Binational surveillance of diseases related to air. Air pollution levels have come down since the 1970s, but smog is being linked with a growing list of diseases, including dementia, obesity, diabetes and even parkinsons. Air pollution tied to kidney disease the new york times. It is made worse by the fact that everyone could be exposed because everyone needs to breathe. Impact of air pollution on the burden of chronic respiratory diseases in china. Allergic diseases and air pollution pubmed central pmc. Study shows that environmental exposures such as air. Outdoor air pollution involves exposures that take place outside of the built environment. This is in part because pollution causes so many diseases that it is often difficult. An airborne disease is caused by droplets of pathogens which are expelled into the air by coughing, sneezing or talking. Evri show that people are willing to pay to reduce many ailments and diseases caused by air pollution. Air pollution threatens the health of humans and other living beings in our planet.
794 471 58 443 473 794 219 1111 921 1159 1144 685 1103 902 1146 1198 678 653 782 1102 773 574 853 883 317 1296 985 101 856 1439 90 977 838 950 127 1052 1281 957 706 518 1445 452